原文回顾
(Young comes across Leo.)
(杨遇到了里奥。)
Young: So, come on! Spill the beans. How did it go with Alice?
杨:来吧!说说看。你和爱丽丝怎么样了?
Leo: Well, she told me she already liked someone else and was only looking to make friends.
里奥:嗯,她告诉我她已经喜欢上别人了,只想和我做朋友。
Young: She told me the same, but I was kind of hoping you guys would hit it off anyway. So, what happened?
杨:她也是这么跟我说的,但我还是希望你们能合得来。所以当时发生了什么?
Leo: We chatted a lot. Alice said that she came back from Germany because she missed her life in China. She also talked a lot about you.
里奥:我们聊了很多。爱丽丝说她从德国回来是因为她想念在中国的日子。她还聊了很多关于你的事情。
Young: Oh? What did she say?
杨:哦?她说了些什么?
Leo: Alice said, “Young looked out for me in college.” She said that you were always there for her.
里奥:爱丽丝说:“杨在大学里很照顾我。”她说你总是在她身边。
Young: I like helping others. So was there any spark between the two of you?
杨:我喜欢帮助别人。那么你们两个之间有什么火花吗?
Leo: Definitely not. From what I can tell, she really likes this other guy.
里奥:肯定没有。据我所知,她真的非常喜欢另一个人。
Young: Did she mention who this guy is?
杨:她有提到这个人是谁吗?
Leo: No, she didn’t, but it didn’t take me long to figure it out.
里奥:她没有,但我很快就察觉到了。
Young: (thought) I wonder how Leo figured it out.
杨:(想)我想知道里奥是怎么知道的。
Leo: But, I’m not at liberty to say. I said to Alice, ‘your secret is safe with me.’
里奥:但是我不太方便说。我对爱丽丝说过,“我会帮你保守秘密。”
Young: So that means she told you! Come on, man! I won’t tell her you told me.
杨:所以说她告诉过你了!好了兄弟!我不会告诉她是你告诉我的。
Leo: We chatted for about 2 hours and all she wanted to talk about was you. She mentioned you like a hundred times. What do you think?
里奥:我俩聊了差不多两个小时。她一直在聊你。她提了你差不多都快一百次了。你觉得这个人是谁?
Young: What?! You mean she has a crush on me?
杨:什么?!你的意思是她喜欢我啊?
Leo: Her secret is safe with me. (with a “shhhh” gesture)
里奥:她的秘密我是不会说出去的。(嘘的手势)
(Leo’s phone starts to ring.)(里奥的电话响了。)
Leo: I need to take this. It’s my boss.
里奥:我得接这个电话。我老板打来的。
Young: (thought) How did I not realize?
杨:(想)我怎么会没发现呢?
核心表达
hit it off 一拍即合;投缘
look out for sb. 替某人小心;照顾某人
figure it out 弄明白
have a crush on sb. 迷恋某人
核心句型
From what I can tell, … 据我所知,……。
It didn’t take me long to … 没过多久我就……。
so that means … 那也就是说……。
习语/口语常用
Spill the beans. 泄密;说漏嘴
I’m not at liberty to say. 我不能随便说。
旧句型
I wonder how … (Level 3 Lesson 35 I wonder if…)
I was kind of hoping (Level 2 Lesson 26 It was kind of … Level 1 Lesson 7 I hope I can…)
课文精讲
Now let’s take a look at the language points in this lesson.
Young comes across Leo.(杨遇到了里奥。)
1. Young: So, come on!(杨:来吧!)
Spill the beans.(说说看。)
spill作动词表示“洒”;beans是名词“豆子”。spill the beans的字面意思是“洒豆子”。有一种说法,说这个表达来源于古希腊议会成员的选举。每个议会成员都会投一颗白色豆子来赞成或一颗棕色豆子来反对。这些豆子会被秘密地放进一个罐子里,没有人知道成员们投的什么。但是,如果罐子被打翻,豆子洒出来的话,那么赞成和反对的比例就很明显了。现在人们用spill the beans来表达“泄密、说漏嘴”。This is a very good colloquial expression that we can use in certain situations. For example: It’s a big secret. We should not spill the beans.(这是一个重大秘密。我们不该泄漏出去。)
In our text today, Young tells Leo to spill the beans, which means that Young wants to hear a secret from Leo. What’s the secret about? Let’s move on:
How did it go with Alice?(杨:你和爱丽丝怎么样了?)
2. Leo: Well, she told me(里奥:嗯,她告诉我)
告诉什么呢?这里的me后面由and引导的并列句才是告诉的真正内容,也就是直接宾语。不过这里的直接宾语是由句子充当,也就是我们说的宾语从句:
she already liked someone else(她告诉我她已经喜欢上别人了,)
and was only looking to make friends.(只是想交朋友。)
同时,这个从句相当于Leo在用自己的话转述Alice的话,英语叫做reported speech,字面意思是“报告出来的话”,汉语把这种表达叫做“间接引语”,也就是间接引用了别人的话语。
相对来讲,如果Leo直接来引用Alice说的原话,英语就叫做direct speech,汉语把这种表达叫做“直接引语”。
比如原文里的这句话:she told me she already liked someone else and was only looking to make friends. 如果改成直接引语,就是:She told me ,“I already like someone else and am only looking to make friends.” 这个时候你会发现,如果是直接引用别人的原话,人称、时态等就用别人原话里的人称和时态就可以了。但是如果是转述,那么人称、时态就要转成相应的符合语境的人称和时态。
别急,这节课里有很多这类例子。Let’s get back to the text.
3. Young: She told me the same,(杨:她也是这么跟我说的,)
but I was kind of hoping(但我还是有点希望)
希望什么呢?后面还是一个宾语从句:
you guys would hit it off anyway.(无论如何,你俩还是能合得来。)
这里有两个语言点。第一,anyway的字面意思是“任何一条路”,作副词表示“无论怎么走、无论如何”。第二,hit it off里的hit不是“打”的意思,而是“碰上、撞上”。hit it off指的是两个人“一拍即合、投缘”。比如说:They hit it off from the start; it was almost love at first sight.(他们开始就处得很好;几乎是一见钟情。)
In the text, Young was hoping Leo and Alice would hit it off, but things don’t look great. Young continues:
So, what happened?(所以当时发生了什么?)
4. Leo: We chatted a lot.(里奥:我们聊了很多。)
Alice said(爱丽丝说)
说什么呢?后面是一个that引导的宾语从句,同时也是一个间接引语:
that she came back from Germany because she missed her life in China.(她从德国回来是因为她想念在中国的日子。)
那这句话怎么改成直接引语呢?你来试着说一下:
She told me, “I came back from Germany because I miss my life in China.”(她告诉我:“我从德国回来是因为我想念我在中国的生活。”)
别急,你现在不需要一下子就把句子转变过来并且流利说出来,只需要慢慢熟悉直接引语和间接引语的关系就可以了。下面还有很多练习的机会。Let’s move on to the text.
She also talked a lot about you.(她还聊了很多关于你的事情。)
5. Young: Oh? What did she say?(杨:哦?她说了些什么?)
6. Leo: Alice said,(里奥:爱丽丝说:)
“Young looked out for me in college.”(“杨在大学里很照顾我。”)
这就是direct speech(直接引语)。同时,英语在引用别人说的话的时候,可以用逗号引出,也可以像汉语一样用冒号引出,两者都是正确的,只不过逗号引出更常见一些。
另外这句话里还有个搭配,叫做look out for sb.。look out的字面意思是“向外看”,生活里经常用来表示“看周围、留意、小心”。look out for sb.指的是“为了某人而小心、照顾某人”。Leo的话还没说完,他继续说:
She said that you were always there for her.(她说你总是在她身边。)
这又是一个间接引语的句子,里面的you指的就是Young。同时,be there for sb.,字面意思是“为了某人而在那里”,也就是“在某人身边陪伴”的意思。原文里说:She said that you were always there for her.
你不妨再把这句话改成一个直接引语的句子吧:She said, “Young was always there for me.”(她说:“杨总是在我身边。”)
当然,be there for sb.里的there只是一个抽象的用法。如果情景里讲到的具体的地理位置,这个时候可能there和here也要变。比如说:She said, “I’m staying here today.”(她说:“我今天要待在这里。”)如果改成间接引语,这句话就要说成:She said that she was staying there that day.(她说她那天要待在那里。)这个时候你还会发现,不光是人称代词和相应的动词变了,而且there也变成了here。因为转述别人的话,就是“在她那里”,而如果引用讲话人的原话,就应该是“在我这里”了。通过这个例子你也应该明白,间接引语变直接引语,也要注意时间、地点等状语的相应变化。其实也很简单,和汉语的表述很类似,所以直接引语和间接引语并不算是英语语法的难点。
Let’s move on to the text. Alice said that Young was always there for her back in college. What is Young’s attitude(态度) toward this?
7. Young: I like helping others.(杨:我喜欢帮助别人。)
然后他话锋一转,又接着问到:
So was there any spark between the two of you?(那么你们两个之间有什么火花吗?)
8. Leo: Definitely not.(里奥:肯定没有。)
From what I can tell,(从我能告诉你的东西来看,)
也就是“据我所知”。
she really likes this other guy.(她真的非常喜欢另一个人。)
你可能会觉得奇怪,什么叫做this other guy?其实指的就是this(这个)other guy(其他的家伙),也就是Leo刚开始说的someone else。
Also, here comes the first sentence pattern today: From what I can tell, …(据我所知,……。)For example: From what I can tell, he is telling the truth.(据我所知,他说的是实话。)From what I can tell, he won’t come to the party tonight.(据我所知,他今晚不会来参加聚会。)Your turn: 据我所知,这附近没有医院。(From what I can tell, there is no hospital nearby.)据我所知,她是班里最好的学生。(From what I can tell, she’s the best student in her class.)
Let’s get back to the text. Leo says Alice likes the other guy. Young replies:
9. Young: Did she mention who this guy is?(杨:她有提到这个人是谁吗?)
10. Leo: No, she didn’t,(里奥:不,她没有,)
but it didn’t take me long to figure it out.(但没花多长时间我就搞清楚了。)
figure作动词,表示“认为”。figure sth. out,指的是“搞清楚某事、把某事看透”。Also, Here comes the second sentence pattern today: It didn’t take me long to …(没过多久我就……。)For example: It didn’t take me long to finish the work.(没过多久我就把这点儿工作做完了。)It didn’t take me long to get back home.(没过多久我就回到家了。)Your turn: 没过多久我就吃完午饭了。(It didn’t take me long to finish my lunch.)没过多久我就意识到有问题。(It didn’t take me long to realize that something went wrong.)
In our text, Leo says that he knows who the guy is. What is Young’s reaction(反应)?
11. Young: (thought) I wonder how Leo figured it out.【杨:(想)我想知道里奥是怎么知道的。】
12. Leo: But, I’m not at liberty to say.(里奥:但是我不太方便说。)
liberty作名词表示“自由”。at liberty指的是“处于自由状态、没有约束”。I’m not at liberty to say. 也就是“我不太方便说”的意思。This is also a very good colloquial expression.
I said to Alice, ‘your secret is safe with me.’(我对爱丽丝说过,“我会帮你保守秘密。”)
This is another direct speech.(这又是一个直接引语。)如果变成间接引语的话,句子应该怎么说呢?你来试一下:I said to Alice that her secret was safe with me.
13. Young: So that means she told you!(杨:所以说她告诉过你了!)
Here comes the third sentence pattern today: so that means …(那也就是说……。)For example: You can’t be late. So that means you need to hurry up.(你不能迟到。也就是说你得加快速度。)Your turn: 我生病了。也就是说我没法去上班了。(I’m sick. So that means I can’t go to work.)
In our text, Young wants to know who Alice likes. He says to Leo:
Come on, man! I won’t tell her you told me.(好了兄弟!我不会告诉她是你告诉我的。)
14. Leo: We chatted for about 2 hours and all she wanted to talk about was you.(里奥:我俩聊了差不多两个小时。她一直在聊你。)
She mentioned you like a hundred times.(她提了你差不多都快一百次了。)
这里的like(好像),和about(大约)一样,结合语境指的都是“差不多”的意思。
What do you think?(你觉得这个人是谁?)
15. Young: What?! You mean she has a crush on me?(杨:什么?!你的意思是她喜欢我啊?)
crush作动词表示“挤压”,作名词可以表示“迷恋”,也就是“喜欢一个人到压得自己喘不过气来的程度”。have a crush on sb.,就是“迷恋一个人”,尤其指的是这个人还不知情。In our text, Young guesses that Alice has a crush on him, but Leo says:
16. Leo: Her secret is safe with me.(里奥:她的秘密我是不会说出去的。)
Leo’s phone starts to ring.(里奥的电话响了。)
17. Leo: I need to take this. It’s my boss.(里奥:我去接一下电话,是我老板。)
18. Young: (thought) How did I not realize?【杨:(想)我怎么会没发现呢?】
That’s all for today’s language points. I hope you can review in time and make progress day by day.
亮解单词
spill [spɪl] v.(使)洒出,泼出,溢出 n. 洒出(量);泼出(量);溢出(量);泄漏(量)
bean [biːn] n. 豆,菜豆
spark [spɑː(r)k] n. 火花,火星;导火线,诱因;生气;活力 vt. 引起,导致,触发
mention [ˈmenʃn] v. 提及,说起,谈到 n. 提及;简短的陈述
figure [‘fiɡə] n. 体形,轮廓;图形;数字 v. 计算;认为
liberty [ˈlɪbə(r)ti] n. 自由,自由权
crush [krʌʃ] v. 压扁;压坏;压碎;使极度伤心;使震惊;彻底击败;彻底击垮 n. 拥挤的人群;迷恋,热恋
Now let’s take a look at the key words in this lesson.
1. spill [spɪl] v.(使)洒出,泼出,溢出 n. 洒出(量);泼出(量);溢出(量);泄漏(量)
spill的本义是“摧毁、浪费”。现在spill的用法都是从这里引申出来的。spill作动词,表示“(使)洒出、泼出、溢出”。过去式和过去分词都是spilled或者spilt。比如说:I spilled coffee on my shirt.(我把咖啡洒到衬衫上了。)或者说:He dropped a bag of sugar and it spilled all over the floor.(他把一袋糖掉在地上,撒得地板上到处都是。)英语里有句谚语,叫做:It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 字面意思是:在洒出来的牛奶上哭是没用的。也就是汉语里所谓的“覆水难收”。
spill也可以作名词,表示“洒出、溢出、泄漏(量)”。比如说:Could you wipe up that spill, please?(请把那溢出的东西擦干净好吗?)或者说:Many seabirds died as a result of the oil spill.(许多海鸟死于这次石油泄漏。)
2. spark [spɑː(r)k] n. 火花,火星;导火线,诱因;生气;活力 vt. 引起,导致,触发
spark作名词,表示“火花、火星”。比如说:Sparks were flying out of the fire.(火里飞溅出很多火星。)
spark作名词,也可以表示“导火线、诱因”,是个修辞用法。比如说:The girl was the spark of this fight.(那个女孩是这次打架的导火索。)
spark作名词,还可以表示“生气、活力”,也是个很形象的用法。比如说:As a writer, he seemed to lack creative spark.(作为作家,他似乎缺少创作激情。)
spark也可以作动词,表示“引起、导致、触发”,也就是“擦出火花”。比如说:Winds brought down power lines, sparking a fire.(大风刮断电线,引起了火灾。)
3. mention [ˈmenʃn] v. 提及,说起,谈到 n. 提及;简短的陈述
这个词前面的-men-从读音上和mind(名词“头脑”)有关;后面是一个名词后缀-(t)ion。mention的字面意思是“脑中想起”,生活里可以名词作动词用,表示“提及、说起、谈到”。比如说:Nobody mentioned anything to me about it.(没人跟我提过这事儿。)或者说:I promised never to mention that again.(我发过誓再不提那件事了。)
mention也可以作名词,表示“提及、简短的陈述”。比如说:The story didn’t even get a mention in the newspaper.(报纸上甚至没有提及此事。)
4. figure [‘fiɡə] n. 体形,轮廓;图形;数字 v. 计算;认为
这个词前面的-fig-意思是“形成、创建”,英语里有个词叫fiction,作名词表示“小说”,指的就是“虚构、创造出来的故事”。figure后面是一个名词后缀-ure,这个词指的是“做出来的样子”。
figure作名词,可以表示一个人的“体型、轮廓”。比如说:She got her figure back after having the baby.(生完孩子后,她的体形又恢复了。)或者说:I could see two figures in the dark.(我可以看见黑暗中的两个人影。)
figure作名词,早期还可以指代“画出来的几何图形”,尤其是书或者文件里带有编号的图形。比如说:Please see figures 8 and 9.(请见图8和图9。)后来figure的词义又进一步延伸,表示“用算数图表算出来的数字”。比如说:His salary is now in six figures.(他的薪水现在是六位数。 )
生活当中,figure也经常当动词来用,表示“脑子里想的样子”,也就是“思考、认为”。比如说:I can’t figure out why.(我想不明白为什么。)
I hope you have figured out the meanings of the word ‘figure’.(希望你想明白figure这个单词的意思了。)
5. liberty [ˈlɪbə(r)ti] n. 自由,自由权
这个词前面的-liber-和deliver(动词“运送”)里的-liver-一样,都是“自由”的意思。deliver指的是“使脱离、使自由”,生活里专指“运送”。liberty作名词,表示“自由、自由权”。我们之前了解过,美国纽约的“自由女神像”,英语就叫做Statue of Liberty。
谈到自由,英语里还有个词,叫做freedom。那么这两个词有什么区别吗?意思没什么区别,只不过来源不同。
freedom这个词来自古英语。free的同源词是friend(朋友),早期指的是一个家族里的自己人、不被束缚的人,相对的是slave(奴隶)。英语里有个姓,叫做Freeman(弗里曼),早期指的就是相对奴隶而言的自由人。所以freedom更突出的是“人身自由”。比如说freedom of speech(言论自由),freedom of choice(选择自由)等等。
反过来,liberty是个来自拉丁语的单词,字面意思是“free will”(自由意志),也就是“可以按照自己的想法来行事”。比如说:You are at liberty to do as you please.(你可以随意行事。)简单来讲,这两个词除了来源不同,意思基本可以互换。所以刚才那句话你也可以说成:You have the freedom to do as you please.
6. crush [krʌʃ] v. 压扁;压坏;压碎;使极度伤心;使震惊;彻底击败;彻底击垮 n. 拥挤的人群;迷恋,热恋
crush作动词,表示“压扁、压坏、压碎”。比如说:The car was completely crushed under the truck.(小轿车被卡车压得完全变形了。)或者说:His arm was badly crushed in the car accident.(他的胳膊在车祸中被压成重伤。)
crush作动词,也可以表示“使极度伤心、使震惊”,也就是“心被压碎了”,是个很形象的说法。比如说:He was crushed by the news of the accident.(发生事故的消息让他非常伤心。)
crush作动词,还可以表示“彻底击败、彻底击垮”,也就是“碾压”。比如说:China crushed Japan by 40 to 0 in the match.(在这次比赛中中国队以40比0大胜日本队。)
crush也可以作名词,表示“拥挤的人群”,也就是“人挤人、人压人”。比如说:I had to struggle through the crush to get to the door.(我不得不奋力挤出拥挤的人群来到门口。)
crush作名词,还可以表示“迷恋、热恋”,指的是一种“压迫心灵的情感”。比如说:She has a crush on one of her teachers in college.(她大学时候迷恋上了一位老师。)
That’s all for today’s key words. I hope you can better understand and memorize them more efficiently.
视频拓展词汇
bush [bʊʃ] n. 灌木丛
lawn [lɔːn] n. 草坪
reflection [rɪˈflekʃn] n. 倒影
sunlight [ˈsʌnlaɪt] n. 阳光
beard [bɪrd] n. 胡须
earphone [ˈɪrˌfoʊn] n. 耳机
watch [wɑːtʃ] n. 手表